Search results for " Colorectal Neoplasms"

showing 10 items of 39 documents

Colorectal Carcinogenesis: Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants

2017

One of the contributory causes of colon cancer is the negative effect of reactive oxygen species on DNA repair mechanisms. Currently, there is a growing support for the concept that oxidative stress may be an important etiological factor for carcinogenesis. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the role of oxidative stress in promoting colorectal carcinogenesis and to highlight the potential protective role of antioxidants. Several studies have documented the importance of antioxidants in countering oxidative stress and preventing colorectal carcinogenesis. However, there are conflicting data in the literature concerning its proper use in humans, since these studies did not yield defin…

0301 basic medicineCancer ResearchCarcinogenesisSettore MED/06 - Oncologia MedicaColorectal cancerDNA repairCellReviewColorectal Neoplasmmedicine.disease_causeAntioxidants03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineAntioxidants; Colorectal cancer; Dysbiosis; Oxidative stress; Review; Animals; Antioxidants; Carcinogenesis; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Reactive Oxygen Species; Oxidative Stress; Oncology; Cancer ResearchAnimalsHumansMedicinecolorectal cancer dysbiosis microbioma oxodative stress carcinogenesiCarcinogenesichemistry.chemical_classificationReactive oxygen speciesAnimalbusiness.industryOxidative StreGeneral MedicineColorectal carcinogenesismedicine.diseaseColorectal cancerDysbiosiOxidative StressSettore MED/18 - Chirurgia Generalecolorectal cancer dysbiosis microbioma oxodative stress carcinogenesis030104 developmental biologymedicine.anatomical_structureOncologyBiochemistrychemistry030220 oncology & carcinogenesisCancer researchAntioxidantColorectal NeoplasmsReactive Oxygen SpeciesReactive Oxygen SpeciebusinessCarcinogenesisDysbiosisOxidative stressHumanAnticancer Research
researchProduct

The phospholipase DDHD1 as a new target in colorectal cancer therapy

2018

Background Our previous study demonstrates that Citrus-limon derived nanovesicles are able to decrease colon cancer cell viability, and that this effect is associated with the downregulation of the intracellular phospholipase DDHD domain-containing protein 1 (DDHD1). While few studies are currently available on the contribution of DDHD1 in neurological disorders, there is no information on its role in cancer. This study investigates the role of DDHD1 in colon cancer. Methods DDHD1 siRNAs and an overexpression vector were transfected into colorectal cancer and normal cells to downregulate or upregulate DDHD1 expression. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the functional…

0301 basic medicineCancer ResearchColorectal cancerApoptosisMiceSettore BIO/13 - Biologia ApplicataGene Regulatory NetworksMolecular Targeted TherapyCitrus-limon nanovesicleTransfectionlcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens3. Good healthCitrus-limon nanovesicles; Colorectal cancer; Phospholipase DDHD1; Oncology; Cancer ResearchOncologyPhospholipasesCitrus-limon nanovesicles; Colorectal cancer; Phospholipase DDHD1; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Line Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Computational Biology; Disease Models Animal; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Ontology; Gene Regulatory Networks; Gene Silencing; Humans; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mice; Phospholipases; Signal Transduction; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Biomarkers Tumor; Molecular Targeted TherapyFemaleColorectal NeoplasmsSignal TransductionMAP Kinase Signaling SystemAntineoplastic Agentslcsh:RC254-282Citrus-limon nanovesicles03 medical and health sciencesDownregulation and upregulationIn vivoCell Line TumorBiomarkers TumormedicineAnimalsHumansGene silencingGene SilencingPhospholipase DDHD1Cell Proliferationbusiness.industryCell growthGene Expression ProfilingResearchComputational BiologyCancermedicine.diseaseXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysColorectal cancerDisease Models AnimalGene Ontology030104 developmental biologyApoptosisCancer researchbusiness
researchProduct

Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Acts as a Metabolic Gate for Mobilization of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

2019

Abstract Cancer induces alteration of hematopoiesis to fuel disease progression. We report that in tumor-bearing mice the macrophage colony-stimulating factor elevates the myeloid cell levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD salvage pathway, which acts as negative regulator of the CXCR4 retention axis of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. NAMPT inhibits CXCR4 through a NAD/Sirtuin 1–mediated inactivation of HIF1α-driven CXCR4 gene transcription, leading to mobilization of immature myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and enhancing their production of suppressive nitric oxide. Pharmacologic inhibition or myeloid-specific ablation …

0301 basic medicineCancer ResearchMyeloidmedicine.medical_treatmentNudeNicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferaseApoptosisColorectal NeoplasmInbred C57BLMicechemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineTumor Cells CulturedHematopoiesiNicotinamide PhosphoribosyltransferaseInbred BALB CMice Inbred BALB CCulturedbiologySarcomaTumor CellsHaematopoiesismedicine.anatomical_structureOncology030220 oncology & carcinogenesisSirtuinFemaleSarcoma ExperimentalColorectal NeoplasmsAnimals; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Hematopoiesis; Humans; Mammary Neoplasms Experimental; Mice; Mice Inbred BALB C; Mice Inbred C57BL; Mice Nude; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells; NAD; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; Sarcoma Experimental; Signal Transduction; Tumor Cells Cultured; Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysHumanSignal TransductionMice NudeExperimental03 medical and health sciencesmedicineMyeloid-Derived Suppressor CellAnimalsHumansCell ProliferationAnimalMyeloid-Derived Suppressor CellsMammary NeoplasmsApoptosiMammary Neoplasms ExperimentalImmunotherapyNADXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysHematopoiesisMice Inbred C57BL030104 developmental biologychemistrybiology.proteinCancer researchMyeloid-derived Suppressor CellNAD+ kinaseBone marrowCancer Research
researchProduct

Can KRAS and BRAF mutations limit the benefit of liver resection in metastatic colorectal cancer patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2016

Clinical trials investigated the potential role of both KRAS and BRAF mutations, as prognostic biomarkers, in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who underwent surgical treatment of CRC-related liver metastases (CLM), showing conflicting results. This meta-analysis aims to review all the studies reporting survival outcomes (recurrence free survival (RFS), and/or overall survival (OS)) of patients undergoing resection of CLM, stratified according to KRAS and/or BRAF mutation status. Background: Clinical trials investigated the potential role of both KRAS and BRAF mutations, as prognostic biomarkers, in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who underwent surgical treatment of CRC-related liver metast…

0301 basic medicineOncologyendocrine system diseasesColorectal cancerLiver metastasimedicine.medical_treatmentColorectal Neoplasmmedicine.disease_cause0302 clinical medicineLiver metastasisHematologyTumorLiver NeoplasmsHematologyPrognosisSurvival RateOncologyLiver Neoplasm030220 oncology & carcinogenesisMeta-analysisKRASColorectal NeoplasmsHumanProto-Oncogene Proteins B-rafmedicine.medical_specialtyPrognostic biomarkerPrognosiResectionBRAFProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicineBRAF; Colorectal cancer; KRAS; Liver metastasis; Prognostic biomarker; Biomarkers Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Mutation; Prognosis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Survival Rate; Hepatectomy; Oncology; Hematology; Geriatrics and GerontologymedicineKRASBiomarkers TumorHepatectomyHumansneoplasmsSurvival ratebusiness.industrymedicine.diseaseColorectal cancerdigestive system diseasesClinical trial030104 developmental biologyMutationBRAF; Colorectal cancer; KRAS; Liver metastasis; Prognostic biomarker; Biomarkers; Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Mutation; Prognosis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Survival Rate; Hepatectomy; Oncology; Hematology; Geriatrics and GerontologyHepatectomyGeriatrics and GerontologybusinessBiomarkersCritical reviews in oncology/hematology
researchProduct

Epigenomic landscape of human colorectal cancer unveils an aberrant core of pan-cancer enhancers orchestrated by YAP/TAZ

2021

Cancer is characterized by pervasive epigenetic alterations with enhancer dysfunction orchestrating the aberrant cancer transcriptional programs and transcriptional dependencies. Here, we epigenetically characterize human colorectal cancer (CRC) using de novo chromatin state discovery on a library of different patient-derived organoids. By exploring this resource, we unveil a tumor-specific deregulated enhancerome that is cancer cell-intrinsic and independent of interpatient heterogeneity. We show that the transcriptional coactivators YAP/TAZ act as key regulators of the conserved CRC gained enhancers. The same YAP/TAZ-bound enhancers display active chromatin profiles across diverse human t…

0301 basic medicineOrganoidEpigenomicsTranscription FactorGeneral Physics and AstronomyColorectal NeoplasmAdaptor Proteins Signal Transducing; Colorectal Neoplasms; Gene Expression Regulation Neoplastic; Histone Code; Humans; Models Genetic; Organoids; RNA-Seq; Single-Cell Analysis; Trans-Activators; Transcription Factors; Tumor Cells Cultured; Enhancer Elements Genetic; Epigenesis GeneticEpigenesis Genetic0302 clinical medicineModelsAdaptor Proteins Signal Transducing Colorectal Neoplasms Gene Expression Regulation NeoplasticHistone Code Humans Models Genetic Organoids RNA-Seq Single-Cell Analysis Trans-Activators Transcription Factors Tumor Cells Cultured Enhancer Elements Genetic Epigenesis GeneticTumor Cells CulturedCancer genomicsHistone codeRNA-SeqEpigenomicsAdaptor Proteins Signal Transducing; Colorectal Neoplasms; Gene Expression Regulation Neoplastic; Histone Code; Humans; Models Genetic; Organoids; RNA-Seq; Single-Cell Analysis; Trans-Activators; Transcription Factors; Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif Proteins; Tumor Cells Cultured; YAP-Signaling Proteins; Enhancer Elements Genetic; Epigenesis GeneticMultidisciplinaryCulturedQAdaptor Proteins3. Good healthChromatinTumor CellsGene Expression Regulation NeoplasticHistone CodeOrganoidsSingle-Cell AnalysiEnhancer Elements GeneticTrans-Activator030220 oncology & carcinogenesisSingle-Cell AnalysisColorectal NeoplasmsHumanEnhancer ElementsScienceTumour heterogeneityBiologyGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyArticle03 medical and health sciencesGeneticmedicineHumansEpigeneticsEnhancerTranscription factorAdaptor Proteins Signal TransducingNeoplasticModels GeneticSignal TransducingCancerYAP-Signaling ProteinsGeneral Chemistrymedicine.diseaseColorectal cancerdigestive system diseases030104 developmental biologyGene Expression RegulationTranscriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif ProteinsCancer cellCancer researchTrans-ActivatorsEpigenesisTranscription Factors
researchProduct

Cancer stem cell-based models of colorectal cancer reveal molecular determinants of therapy resistance

2016

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy mainly relies on the use of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs combined, in a subset of patients, with epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]-targeting agents. Although CRC is considered a prototype of a cancer stem cell (CSC)-driven tumor, the effects of both conventional and targeted therapies on the CSC compartment are largely unknown. We have optimized a protocol for colorectal CSC isolation that allowed us to obtain CSC-enriched cultures from primary tumor specimens, with high efficiency. CSC isolation was followed by in vitro and in vivo validation, genetic characterization, and drug sensitivity analysis, thus generating panels of CSC lines w…

0301 basic medicineProteomicscancer stem cellsColorectal cancerDrug ResistanceMice SCIDAnti-EGFR therapy; Cancer stem cells; Cetuximab; Colorectal cancer; Proteomic arrays; Animals; Cells Cultured; Colorectal Neoplasms; Drug Resistance Neoplasm; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Mice Inbred NOD; Mice SCID; Mice Transgenic; Microarray Analysis; Models Biological; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Proteomics; Signal Transduction; Developmental Biology; Cell BiologyTransgenicMiceMice Inbred NODModelsproteomic arrayscetuximabcell biologyEpidermal growth factor receptorCells CulturedCulturedCetuximabbiologyGeneral MedicinePrimary tumorNeoplastic Stem CellsFemaleSettore MED/46 - Scienze Tecniche Di Medicina Di LaboratorioStem cellColorectal Neoplasmsmedicine.drugSignal TransductionCellsMice Transgeniccolorectal cancerSCIDModels Biological03 medical and health sciencesdevelopmental biologyProteomic arrayCancer stem cellIn vivoSettore MED/04 - PATOLOGIA GENERALEmedicineAnimalsHumansProtein Kinase InhibitorsSettore MED/06 - ONCOLOGIA MEDICAMicroarray analysis techniquesbusiness.industryCancer stem cellGene Expression Profilingmedicine.diseaseMicroarray AnalysisBiological030104 developmental biologyanti-EGFR therapyDrug Resistance Neoplasmanti-EGFR therapy; cancer stem cells; cetuximab; colorectal cancer; proteomic arrays; cell biology; developmental biologyImmunologyCancer researchbiology.proteinNeoplasmInbred NODbusiness
researchProduct

Synthetic indicator of the impact of colorectal cancer screening programmes on incidence rates

2020

ObjectiveThe impact of a screening programme on colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in its target population depends on several variables, including coverage with invitations, participation rate, positivity rate of the screening test, compliance with an invitation to second-level assessment and endoscopists’ sensitivity. We propose a synthetic indicator that may account for all the variables influencing the potential impact of a screening programme on CRC incidence.DesignWe defined the ‘rate of advanced adenoma on the target population’ (AA-TAP) as the rate of patients who received a diagnosis of advanced adenoma within a screening programme, divided by the programme target population. We com…

AdenomaMaleColorectal cancercolorectal cancerTarget populationcolorectal cancer screeningNOScreening programmeSingle indicatormedicineHumansMass ScreeningNational levelEarly Detection of CancerAgedPotential impactbusiness.industryIncidenceIncidence (epidemiology)GastroenterologyColonoscopycolorectal cancer; colorectal cancer screening; Adenoma; Aged; Colonoscopy; Colorectal Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Humans; Incidence; Italy; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Occult Blood; Patient Compliance; Program EvaluationMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseItalyColorectal cancer screeningOccult BloodPatient ComplianceFemaleColorectal NeoplasmsbusinessProgram EvaluationDemographyGut
researchProduct

"Baseline physical functioning status of metastatic colorectal cancer patients predicts the overall survival but not the activity of a front-line oxa…

2010

BACKGROUND: No differences in response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and quality of life (QoL) were seen in patients randomly treated with biweekly oxaliplatin plus either fluorouracil/folinic acid or capecitabine. METHODS: We investigated the independent effect of baseline clinical characteristics and physical functioning (PF) domain on RR, PFS, and OS in 310 patients who completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Multivariate analyses stratified by treatment were performed. An exploratory analysis was done by grouping patients with a PF score superior or equal to the highest quartile (n = 111), included between the highest and the lowest quartiles (n = …

AdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtyMultivariate analysisColorectal cancerSettore MED/06 - Oncologia MedicaKaplan-Meier EstimateGastroenterologyDisease-Free SurvivalCapecitabineTreatment Outcome; Prognosis; Aged 80 and over; Male; Retrospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Middle Aged; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Quality of Life; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Clinical Trials Phase III as Topic; Aged; Adult; Health Status Indicators; Multicenter Studies as TopicFolinic acidQuality of lifeInternal medicineAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols80 and overmedicineOverall survivalHealth Status IndicatorsHumansMulticenter Studies as TopicClinical TrialsRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingneoplasmsmetastatic colorectal canceroxaliplatin physical functioning statusAgedRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRetrospective StudiesAged 80 and overbusiness.industryHematologyGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedPrognosismedicine.diseaseSurgeryOxaliplatinPhase III as TopicTreatment OutcomeClinical Trials Phase III as TopicOncologyQuartileQuality of LifeFemaleColorectal Neoplasmsbusinessmedicine.drug
researchProduct

Long-term evaluation of quality of life and gastrointestinal well-being after segmental colo-rectal resection for deep infiltrating endometriosis (EN…

2019

Purposes: The primary objective is to assess the long-term quality of life (QoL) and gastrointestinal well-being in patients with endometriosis (DIE) who underwent segmental resection (SR), through specific questionnaires focused on endometriosis and specific gastrointestinal evaluation. The secondary objectives are represented by the evaluation of peri-operative and post-operative outcomes of the procedure. Methods: This observational cohort study ENDO-RESECT (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03824054) reports all clinical data about women who underwent SR for DIE between October 2005 and November 2017. In the part of the study dedicated to the QoL assessment, the questionnaires adopted were the …

AdultQuality of lifemedicine.medical_specialtyAbdominal painConstipationAdolescentGastrointestinal DiseasesEndometriosisEndometriosisSegmental colo-rectal resectionHospital Anxiety and Depression ScaleGastrointestinal symptomsCohort StudiesYoung AdultPostoperative ComplicationsQuality of lifePregnancySurveys and QuestionnairesInternal medicineGastrointestinal symptommedicineHumansDeep infiltrating endometriosis; Gastrointestinal symptoms; Intestinal endometriosis; Personalized medicine; Quality of life; Segmental colo-rectal resection; Adolescent; Adult; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Endometriosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome; Young Adultbusiness.industryIntestinal endometriosiObstetrics and GynecologyGeneral MedicineMiddle Agedmedicine.diseasePersonalized medicineDeep infiltrating endometriosiTreatment OutcomeSettore MED/40 - GINECOLOGIA E OSTETRICIADeep infiltrating endometriosisDeep infiltrating endometriosis; Intestinal endometriosis; Segmental colo-rectal resection; Quality of life; Gastrointestinal symptoms; Personalized medicineDefecationFemaleIntestinal endometriosisSegmental resectionmedicine.symptomColorectal NeoplasmsbusinessCohort study
researchProduct

Novel insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 variants in breast and colorectal cancer

2013

The insulin/insulin-like growth factor pathway is involved in breast and colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In the present study, we analyzed the coding region and short intron-exon borders of the insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 (IRS‑1 and IRS‑2) genes in 12 cell lines derived from breast cancer (BC), 14 cell lines derived from CRC and 33 primary CRCs. The nucleotide variants identified in BC were 3 in IRS‑1, 1 of which (p.Arg267Cys) was novel and with a pathogenic potential as predicted by in silico analysis and 6 in IRS‑2. Twenty‑one variants in IRS‑1 and 18 in IRS‑2 were identified in the CRC samples. These included 11 novel IRS‑1 variants detected exclusively in CRCs, which include…

Cancer ResearchInsulin Receptor Substrate ProteinsSettore MED/06 - Oncologia MedicaIn silicoMutation MissenseBreast NeoplasmsColorectal NeoplasmBiologymedicine.disease_causeFrameshift mutationBreast cancerBreast cancerMCF-7 CellCell Line TumormedicineHumansMissense mutationFrameshift MutationInsulin Receptor Substrate ProteinSequence DeletionGeneticsMutationCaco-2 CellPolymorphism GeneticCancerGenetic VariationInsulin receptor substrate 1ArticlesGeneral MedicineInsulin receptor substrate 2HCT116 Cellsmedicine.diseaseColorectal cancerIRS1Mutagenesis InsertionalCell Transformation NeoplasticHT29 CellOncologyHCT116 CellBreast cancer; Colorectal cancer; Insulin receptor substrate 1; Insulin receptor substrate 2; Breast Neoplasms; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Line Tumor; Cell Transformation Neoplastic; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Frameshift Mutation; Genetic Variation; HCT116 Cells; HT29 Cells; Humans; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; MCF-7 Cells; Mutagenesis Insertional; Mutation Missense; Polymorphism Genetic; Sequence Deletion; Signal Transduction; Cancer Research; OncologyInsulin Receptor Substrate ProteinsMCF-7 CellsFemaleCaco-2 CellsColorectal NeoplasmsHT29 CellsBreast NeoplasmHumanSignal Transduction
researchProduct